Diaphragm: A stop in the light path of a lens, having an aperture that regulates the amount of light that passes. These are actually blades which are moved to achieve a particular Aperture Value.
Shutter : Overlapping Curtains behind Lens to control the passage of light towards Sensor.
Types of Cameras:
1. Simple Viewfinder Cameras:
- These Cameras have Parallax Error (Parallax is an apparent displacement or difference of orientation of an object viewed along two different lines of sight, and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between those two lines. KNOW MORE... )
2. Rangefinder Cameras: A rangefinder camera is a camera fitted with a rangefinder: a range-finding focusing mechanism allowing the photographer to measure the subject distance and take photographs that are in sharp focus. Most varieties of rangefinder show two images of the same subject, one of which moves when a calibrated wheel is turned; when the two images coincide and fuse into one, the distance can be read off the wheel. Older, non-coupled rangefinder cameras display the focusing distance and require the photographer to transfer the value to the lens focus ring; cameras without built-in rangefinders could have an external rangefinder fitted into the accessory shoe. Earlier cameras of this type had separate viewfinder and rangefinder windows; later the rangefinder was incorporated into the viewfinder. More modern designs have rangefinders coupled to the focusing mechanism, so that the lens is focused correctly when the rangefinder images fuse.
- Used these days : Leica ...
- Compact Cemaras
- Coupled range finder (Prizm) is used to reflect the view from lens for user eyes during capture process.
- Photographer needs to adjust the lens to get sharp image through these cameras.
- No noise, thats why used by Street Photographers
- Manual Adjustment Lenses are used in these kind of cameras
3. Twin-Lens Cameras: A twin-lens reflex camera (TLR) is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective (the lens that takes the picture), while the other is used for the waist-level viewfinder system. In addition to the objective, the viewfinder consists of a 45-degree mirror (the reason for the word reflex in the name), a matte focusing screen at the top of the camera, and a pop-up hood surrounding it. The two objectives are connected, so that the focus shown on the focusing screen will be exactly the same as on the film. However, many inexpensive TLRs are fixed-focus models. KNOW MORE...
- Paramender is used to overcome Parallax
4. Single Reflex Cameras (SLR): The single-lens reflex (SLR) camera uses an automatic moving mirror system which permits the photographer to see exactly what will be captured by the film or digital imaging system, as opposed to non-SLR cameras where the view through the viewfinder could be significantly different from what was captured on film. KNOW MORE...
- Mirror goes up when shoot button clicked.
- Mirror is used before shoot to show the view in viewfinder. So in this case light comes through lens and same view is also passed to Viewfinder.
5. View Cameras: It comprises a flexible bellows which forms a light-tight seal between two adjustable standards, one of which holds a lens, and the other a viewfinder or a photographic film holder.
The bellows is a flexible, accordion-pleated box, which encloses the space between the lens and film, and has the ability to flex to accommodate the movements of the standards. KNOW MORE...
- Huge Cameras
- Big film/Digital back sheet
- Always mounted on stand
- Lenses can be tilted
- Shutter is part of lens
- Companies like Sinar produces this kind of cameras. Check Google for other brands.
* SMALL FORMAT Cameras:
- 35mm Format film cameras <36mm*24mm> 24+11mm = 35mm (Including perforation of 11 mm)
- 24mm*16mm sensors in small format digital cameras: Small format Digital SLRs : APS-C Format (Advanced Photo System) : D200,
- We should not compare Digtal Camera quality with Film cameras because of different reasons???
FULL FRAME CAMERAS:
- Nikon D3, D700
- Digital cameras with sensor 24mm*36mm
- Nikon D3, D700
- Digital cameras with sensor 24mm*36mm
* LARGE FORMAT CAMERAS:
- 6'*9' inches & 8'*12' inches
- Sinar Brand cameras
* MEDIUM FORMAT CAMERAS
- 120 format, 220 format, 645 format (greater than 24mm*36mm frames)
- Mamiya (Japanese), Hasselblad
- 645 = 6*4.5 cm by Mamiya
Checkout Nikon D3 & Nikon D700
*** Today I saw a lens with Aperture Controls... Need to know about the details ***
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